Tuesday, September 28, 2010

Teenage Brain

The teenage brain is changing extraordinarily fast in those years. When kids get to teenage years they change completely. They want their parents out of their lives and their frontal cortex is developing fast. Most of the teenagers do not know a thing about this. Scientists say that the brain, as muscles, grows when it is used frequently, if not it weakens. The scientists are encouraging teenagers to work with their brains daily so it can develop fully and perfectly. Teenagers are characterized for being one minute grumpy and the other joyfully active. These changes in mood happen frequently during teenage years. These mood changes are part of the development. Adults do not understand the reasons because teenagers think completely different from what adults think. Teenagers believe their parents are only there to bug them and make their lives impossible. On the other hand parents believe everything teenagers do is an act of rebellion against their house rules.  One of the major problems with teenagers nowadays is that they do not get enough hours of sleep every day. Sleep is incredibly important for the development of the brain and for better results and grades in the school grounds. Tests have shown that teenagers with more sleep get better at tasks they do. The teenage brain is a brain that only teenagers could understand, but will get to develop fully in these years.

Sunday, September 26, 2010

Brain Functions

The word hemisphere refers to one side of the brain, either the left or right side.People refers to the left hemisphere of the brain as the boring side since it controls things like your speech. It also controls the right side of the body and its sensations and the right side of the vision. The right hemisphere controls music and art appreciation as well as drawing ability. It also controls the left part of the body and its sensations as well of the left side of the vision. The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers found in the brain. These nerve fibers connect the left and right hemispheres. It is composed of white matter. Paul Broca studied the brain of a person with speech impairment after his death. He learned that this patient had a lesion on his left hemisphere due to syphilis. Broca’s Area controls speech production, language processing, language comprehension, and facial neurons. Roger Sperry studied both of the hemispheres of the brain in this experiment with some epileptic people. The study made us know for sure that both hemispheres had different tasks. We realized what we know now and that the right side cannot be disconnected from the left side. Karl Wernicke’s work is very similar to Paul Broca’s. Although Wernicke found out those problems with language comprehension came from another part of the left hemisphere. This part of the brain is now called Wernicke’s area. The lobe responsible for vision is the occipital lobe. For hearing and language the temporal lobe is the one responsible. For math calculations and judgment, reasoning and impulse you use the frontal lobe.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-corpus-callosum.htm

Tuesday, September 21, 2010

Phineas Gage

Phineas Gage was maybe the most famous person to have severe brain damage. He was born July 9, 1823 and died May 21, 1860. Phineas was a railroad construction worker. He was working on putting dynamite in holes to destroy huge rocks in order to construct the railroad. He worked with a tamping iron which was 3 feet 7 inches long and weighed 13 ½ pounds. An accident occurred one day. Some of the dynamite he had placed exploded when he was putting it in the hole with his tamping iron. This explosion made the tamping iron burst out of the hole and with point first into the cheekbone of Phineas. The tamping iron went through his left cheekbone and into the left frontal lobe and continued to fly about 30 feet away from him. This injury, which seemed fatal, did not kill him, but changed his personality drastically. The people who knew him realized that he was then very angry and with a very short patience. He then became an aggressive man and could not retain his job for long. Concerning his friends, they said Gage was no longer himself. By studying the case of Phineas Gage, scientists discovered that the brain had different parts that have different functions.  Brain localization is a theory in which scientists say that different parts of the brain control different functions. Brain lateralization is another theory that contradicts brain localization and states that the brain has two sides that control different actions and not different parts of the brain controlling different actions.

Thursday, September 9, 2010

Criminal Behavior

The nature vs. nurture debate has been present for many years in the world of psychology. The scientists have wondered how the human being works. Does it get all of its abilities genetically? Or does the human being learn to do it because of its environment? These questions are posted without any knowledge of who really is right and who is not. I believe that the human being gathers both from the genetics and the environment. I believe that we must inherit something from our parents that is not physical. But I also think that we as kids develop these ideas and new ones brought to us. We may forget some hereditary things if we stop practicing or doing them and this may have influence in what we do and like to do. Criminal behaviors I believe are part of what we see every day and what we learn from our parents and close friends. Most people that are criminals come from a broken family or have a record of being assaulted or have seen some violence when small. There is said that there are many reasons to why criminals do what they do. One of them is antisocial behavior. Children and people who are antisocial are more likely to be involved in criminal acts that lead to incarceration. This antisocial behavior could be hereditary or it could not. Also, some studies prove that adoptions might have an influence on how children behave and if they are possible criminals. The adoption of a child takes away the nature part from him. But researches tell that if a child’s parent was a criminal it is likely for him to be also. The environmental factor applies to many of the criminals today. Families that have weak bonds and poor communication make a child have more probabilities to have an aggressive and criminal behavior. Also families in extreme poverty, lack of education, and a broken home will most likely have a child with tendencies to react violently and do criminal acts. Statistics say that a child who was neglected or abused at their home has fifty percent more chances to become antisocial or a criminal. What some scientists say that affects a lot is age. Age only affects a criminal when they are kids because they have to bear with the family and the environment they are in. When they grow up they can decide in which environment they would rather live in. In many schools there are kids who are outcasts for various reasons. These kids are bullied and will probably be bullied in the future. This will make them react sometimes violently when they have the chance. It is also said that personality traits correlate to how criminals act. Psychologist, Eysenck, said that criminals normally have low arousal levels and this causes them to search for arousals themselves. This may be by violence itself. In conclusion, the nature vs. nurture debate seems to never end, especially in the criminal behavior aspect. Criminals perhaps have genes that make them want to search for violence or genes that make them violent. Or criminals might as well be born normal but because of the family and environment they were raised at, they turned into criminals. I believe a criminal is made partly by nature and partly by nurture. Each criminal has a special case, but there cannot be one without the other.
http://www.deviantcrimes.com/nature_nurture.htm


http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/jones.html




http://www3.crk.umn.edu/academics/elements/images/ahss/criminaljustice_violator.png